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Embedded system is a preprogrammed computer system that is created to perform a specialized set of functions. It is unlike a general purpose computer system such as a desktop or a laptop, which has a high level of user interface capabilities and flexibility that allows its users to perform multiple functions. The embedded technology on the other hand often provides limited or no user interface and only allows the performance of one or a few tasks. However, as digital technology develops, many embedded systems are now capable of high degree of graphic user interfaces and touch panel module systems such as those used in security, medical, automotive and research equipments, to name just a few.
Widespread Applications
Since it was first used in the spacecraft Apollo program in the 1960s, the embedded system technology has been refined and developed through the years into something that can be mass produced at relatively low cost. As such, embedded systems have become ubiquitous today; almost every industry in the world uses the technology to produce the digital and electronic devices that we see each day.
Standalone or Subsystem
Embedded systems can either be a standalone device or a subsystem of a larger mechanism, or both. For example, a digital watch uses a simple standalone embedded technology with limited preprogrammed functions while a car uses more complex in-built embedded systems. These systems enable the car to perform various functions such as antilock brakes, power windows, transmission control, engine control, power seat and others. These systems are often linked up by multiple networks and controlled by a central module.
Some additional examples:
Standalone
Security camera
Digital Video Recorder
High precision micrometer
Indoor / outdoor temperature sensor
Pressure sensor with local display

Subsystem
Vibration Sensor
Measuring device for manufacturing quality control
Conveyor belt control system
SCADA System
Electrical safety monitor
Motor Controller
Thermostat
Pressure sensor / monitor

Embedded System and its Characteristics
Many low-priced consumer products today use simple embedded microprocessors that have low memory storage; they have operating systems and applications that are incorporated into one single system module and the system’s program is often stored in the system’s memory instead of the device’s RAM (random access memory).
Depending on the number and type of functions required, embedded microprocessors or microcontrollers can vary in architecture, binary value, shape and size. Embedded software programs are created by embedded designers and programmers using software tools and computer programs such as debuggers, compilers and assemblers. As the technology grows more complex each year, many embedded systems require independent software programs such as LINUX, Embedded Java, Window XP Embedded and others that are compatible to the machineries or devices they are migrated to.
Since embedded systems are often built into machineries or devices that are subjected to heavy usage for many years, they require vigorous testing to ensure they can stand the test of time by incorporating features such as quick recovery, minimum loss of memory and automatic system reset.

Critical Link is an embedded systems engineering firm providing end-to-end electronic product engineering, customized off-the-shelf processing platforms used as product building blocks, and ongoing production services to accommodate our customer's need. Additional details can be found at http://www.mitydsp.com